Avian influenza publications – Antarctica


Aguado B, Begeman L, Gunther A, et al. Searching for high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Antarctica. Nature Microbiology. 2024 Dec;9(12):3081-3083. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01868-7

Banyard AC, Begeman L, Black J, et al. Continued expansion of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5 in wildlife in South America and incursions into the Antarctic Region. OFFLU statement. 2023:https://www.offlu.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/OFFLU-wildlife-statement-no.-II.pdf  

Banyard AC, Bennison A, Byrne AMP, et al. Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region. Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 3;15(1):7433.

Bennett-Laso B, Berazay B, Muñoz G, et al. Confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in skuas, Antarctica 2024. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2024:doi: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1423404/full.

Bennison A, Adlard S, Banyard AC, et al. A case study of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 at Bird Island, South Georgia: the first documented outbreak in the subantarctic region. Bird Study. 2024 Oct 1;71(4):380-391. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00063657.2024.2396563

Clessin A, Briand F-X, Tornos J, et al. Circumpolar spread of avian influenza H5N1 to southern Indian Ocean islands. Nature Communications. 2025: doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64297-y

Dewar M, Vanstreels R, Boulinier T, et al. Risk assessment of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Southern Ocean Report prepared for Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. 2023:70 pages. https://scar.org/library-data/science/life-sciences/eg-bamm/biological-risk-assessment-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-in-the-southern-ocean

Gorta SBZ, Neira V, Wille M, et al. Impacts of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 2.3.4.4b south of the Antarctic Circle. bioRxiv [preprint]. 2025:doi: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.13.648652v1.abstract 

Iervolino M, Günther A, Begeman L, et al. The expanding avian influenza panzootic: skua die-off in Antarctica. bioRxiv [preprint]. 2025:doi:  https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.25.650384 

Kuiken T, Vanstreels RET, Banyard A, et al. Emergence, spread, and impact of high-pathogenicity avian influenza H5 in wild birds and mammals of South America and Antarctica. Conservation Biology. 2025:doi:  https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70052.

Lejeune M, Tornos J, Bralet T, et al. Vaccination against H5 HP influenza virus leads to persistent immune response in wild king penguins. bioRxiv. 2025:doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.06.674613.

León F, Le Bohec C, Pizarro EJ, et al. Tracking HPAIV H5 through a geographic survey of Antarctic seabird populations. Scientific Reports. 2025 Aug 12;15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14651-3 

León F, Ulloa-Contreras C, Pizarro EJ, et al. Skuas mortalities linked to positives HPAIV A/H5 beyond Polar Antarctic Circle. bioRxiv  [preprint]. 2025:doi: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.03.02.640960 .

Lisovski S, Günther A, Dewar M, et al. Unexpected delayed incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) into the Antarctic region. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 2024. Oct;18(10):e70010. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70010 

McCulley M, Dewar ML, Low YS, et al. High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus detected in brown Skua using portable laboratory while at sea in Antarctica. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 2025 May 8;14(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00041-25 

Mollett BC, Lynton-Jenkins JG, Richardson S et al. Disease ecology and zoonotic risk of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza in the sub-Antarctic region. Research Square 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029950/v1

Muñoz G, Mendieta V, Ulloa M, et al. Lack of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, Early 2023. Animals. 2024 Apr;14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071008 

Neira V, Ariyama N, Castillo-Torres PN, et al. Genetic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b, Antarctica, 2024. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2025 Aug;31(8):1618-1620. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/8/25-0186_article

Ogrzewalska M, Pereira EC, Vanstreels RET, et al. High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b recovered from a kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. bioRxiv [preprint]. 2024:doi: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.29.630510v1 

Ogrzewalska M, Vanstreels RT, Pereira E, et al. Genomic analysis of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses from Antarctica reveals multiple introductions from South America. ResearchSquare [preprint]. 2025:doi: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6727501/v1 

Steinfurth A, Lynton-Jenkins JG, Cleeland J, et al. Investigating high pathogenicity avian influenza virus incursions to remote islands: Detection of H5N1 on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean. bioRxiv. 2025:doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.06.674618.

Wille M, Dewar M, Claes F, et al. A call to innovate Antarctic avian influenza surveillance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2024. 40(3): 248-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.11.005 

Wille M, Vanstreels RET, Uhart M, et al. Reply to León et al. (2024): Interpretation and Use of In-Field Diagnostics for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI) in Antarctica– A Cautionary Tale. Preprints.org [preprint]. 2024:doi: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202404.1498/v1

Xu, R., Minhao G, Nailou Z, et al. Transcontinental Spread of HPAI H5N1 from South America to Antarctica via Avian Vectors. bioRxiv. 2025:doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.06.674605.